Failure diagnostic system for fuel vapor processing apparatus

ABSTRACT

In a failure diagnostic system for a fuel vapor processing apparatus, a processing flow path comprising a vapor line, a canister and a purge line is closed with a vapor control valve and a purge control valve. The interior of the processing flow path is reduced in pressure or pressurized by rotating an air pump of a pump module in a forward or reverse direction. An electronic control unit (ECU) closes the vapor control valve and the purge control valve to close the processing flow path after stop of the engine and, when the fuel temperature detected by a temperature sensor is lower than a predetermined value, reduces the internal pressure of the processing flow path through an air pump, then checks air-tightness of the interior of the processing flow path based on behavior of a vapor pressure detected by a pressure sensor. The ECU closes the processing flow path and, when the fuel temperature detected is not lower than the predetermined value, pressurizes the interior of the processing flow path through the air pump, then checks air-tightness of the processing flow path based on behavior of a vapor pressure subsequently detected.

This a Division of application Ser. No. 10/898,200, filed Jul. 26, 2004now U.S. Pat. No. 7,036,359. The entire disclosure of the priorapplication is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a fuel vapor processing apparatuswherein fuel vapor generated in a fuel tank is trapped or collected by acanister and the trapped fuel vapor is purged to an intake passage of anengine. More particularly, the present invention relates to a failurediagnostic system for checking a failure in air-tightness of a fuelvapor processing apparatus.

The present invention also relates to a canister which is included asone component in a fuel vapor processing apparatus and whichincorporates in a casing, an adsorbent for adsorbing fuel vapor.

The present invention further relates to a pump module to be used indiagnosing a failure of a fuel vapor processing apparatus and moreparticularly to a pump module which permits failure diagnosis with ahigh accuracy.

2. Description of Related Art

As one of systems mounted on a vehicle, a fuel vapor processingapparatus has heretofore been known wherein fuel vapor generated in afuel tank is treated without release to the atmosphere. This system isprovided with a canister for trapping fuel vapor. Fuel vapor is trappedby once adsorbing the vapor on an adsorbent present in the interior ofthe canister. By utilizing a negative intake pressure developed in anintake passage during operation of an engine, a fuel component containedin the fuel vapor trapped by the canister is purged to the intakepassage through a purge passage and is thereby used for combustion inthe engine.

In this type of a treatment system, if the flow path from the fuel tankto the intake passage should be perforated in a certain position forsome reason or other or if a sealing defect should occur in a pipe jointportion, there is a fear that fuel vapor may leak to the outside, and itis impossible to treat the fuel vapor properly. To cope with such aleakage trouble; it is necessary to perform diagnosis in an early stage.A related failure diagnostic system is described for example in Japaneseunexamined patent publication No. 2003-155958 (pages 2 to 7, FIGS. 1 to5).

The diagnostic system described in the above publication has, separatelyfrom a canister, a pump module for pressurizing the interior of thecanister. The pump module sends out air into the canister, whereby aflow path extending from a fuel tank to an intake passage ispressurized. In this diagnostic system, when the internal pressure ofthe flow path once applied becomes lower than a predetermined value, itis determined that there is a leakage trouble in a fuel vapor processingapparatus. The pump module includes a pump, a solenoid valve and afilter, which components are integrally accommodated within a housing.

The above pump module can be mentioned as one of components having afailure diagnosing function necessary for the fuel vapor processingapparatus. The pump module is usually disposed near the canister.Generally, however, the space for mounting various components in avehicle is limited. In view of this point, a concrete mounting methodmay be attaching the pump module integrally to the canister and fixingthis integral combination to a vehicular frame. For example, in Japaneseunexamined patent publication No. 2003-113745 (pages 2 to 6, FIGS. 1 to3) there is described a structure wherein a valve is attached to anupper portion of a canister through first and second connecting parts.Adoption of the mounting structure described in this publication No.2003-113745 may be effective also for the above canister and pumpmodule.

On the other hand, another failure diagnostic system is disclosed inJapanese unexamined patent publication No. 2002-4959 (pages 2 to 3, FIG.1). A basic way of thinking of this failure diagnostic system is asfollows. An orifice is provided and a pressure change (leakage quantity)as a reference value is measured in advance. Thereafter, a flow path ina fuel vapor processing apparatus is made into a hermetically sealedspace and is then brought into a state of a negative pressure.Subsequently, a pressure change in the flow path is compared with thepressure change as a reference value to determine whether fuel vapor isleaking or not.

However, in the failure diagnostic system disclosed in Japaneseunexamined patent publication No. 2003-155958, the interior of the flowpath is pressurized, so if the flow path should be perforated, theapplication of pressure may rather cause leakage of fuel vapor to theoutside through the hole. Contrary to the application of pressure, itmay be effective to once reduce the internal pressure of the flow pathand determine that fuel vapor is leaking when the internal pressure ofthe flow path once reduced has become higher than a predetermined value.According to this method using such a reduced pressure, even if the flowpath should be perforated, there is no fear of leakage of fuel vapor tothe outside unlike the foregoing pressurizing method.

However, even if the reduced pressure method is adopted, a large amountof fuel vapor is developed in the fuel tank when the temperature ishigh. Accordingly, even if the pressure is reduced in this state, theinternal pressure of the flow path is difficult to become negative andit takes much time for failure diagnosis. A solution to this problem maybe the omission of failure diagnosis when the temperature is high. But,if diagnosis is not performed at a high temperature, the diagnosis isless frequently performed accordingly. This is contrary to the demandfor early diagnosis upon occurrence of a failure or trouble.

On the other hand, in the diagnostic system disclosed in Japaneseunexamined patent publication No. 2003-155958, if the pump module isconnected to an upper portion of the canister, not only the size of theentire canister becomes larger, but also the center of gravity of theentire canister is largely offset to the outside by the pump module. Inthis state, for example, if the canister is attached to a vehicularframe through a bracket, the pump module will undergo vibration duringvehicular running and vibrate, with consequent fear of breaking in theconnection between the canister and the pump module. Thus, there hasbeen a problem in point of reliability as a diagnostic system.

According to the diagnostic system disclosed in Japanese unexaminedpatent publication No. 2002-4959, in a certain mounted state thereof ona vehicle, there occurs a case where an orifice is positioned lower thanthe other flow path portion. If the orifice is thus positioned low,there is a fear of the orifice being plugged up with dust, water, fineadsorbent powder, intra-pipe oil, plastic extract, or assembling oil.Once the orifice is thus plugged up, it is no longer possible to effectdiagnosis with a high accuracy.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention has been accomplished in view of theabove-mentioned circumstances and it is an object of the invention toprovide a failure diagnostic system for a fuel vapor processingapparatus which failure diagnostic system can minimize the leakage offuel vapor to the outside at the time of diagnosis and permits diagnosispositively in a short time even at a high temperature.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a canisterprovided with a diagnosing functional component integrally, the canisterbeing compact as a whole and difficult to be influenced by vibration.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a pump modulefor use in failure diagnosis of a fuel vapor processing apparatuswherein an orifice is disposed always in a vertex position in a mountedstate of the pump module on a vehicle, thereby preventing blocking ofthe orifice and permitting an accurate execution of failure diagnosis.

To achieve the purpose of the invention, there is provided a failurediagnostic system for a fuel vapor processing apparatus which isdisposed correspondingly to an engine mounted on a vehicle and whereinfuel vapor generated in a fuel tank is trapped by a canister and thetrapped fuel vapor is purged to an intake passage in the engine, whereinthe fuel vapor processing apparatus comprises a processing flow pathextending from the fuel tank to the intake passage and including thecanister; and the failure diagnostic system comprises: closure means forclosing the processing flow path; pressurizing means for pressurizingthe interior of the processing flow path; pressure reducing means forreducing the internal pressure of the processing flow path; pressuredetecting means for detecting an internal pressure of the processingflow path; temperature detecting means for detecting an atmospheretemperature of the fuel tank; first diagnostic means which, after stopof the engine, controls the closure means to close the processing flowpath and which, when the atmosphere temperature detected by thetemperature detecting means is lower than a predetermined value,controls the pressure reducing means to reduce the internal pressure ofthe processing flow path and checks air-tightness of the processing flowpath based on behavior of the pressure detected by the pressuredetecting means after the pressure reduction; and second diagnosticmeans which, after stop of the engine, controls the closure means toclose the processing flow path and which, when the atmospheretemperature detected by the temperature detecting means is higher than apredetermined value, controls the pressurizing means to pressurize theinterior of the processing flow path and checks the air-tightness of theprocessing flow path based on behavior of the pressure detected by thepressure detecting means after the pressurization.

According to another aspect, the present invention provides a failurediagnostic system for a fuel vapor processing apparatus which isdisposed correspondingly to an engine mounted on a vehicle and whereinfuel vapor generated in a fuel tank is trapped by a canister through avapor line and the trapped fuel vapor is purged to an intake passage inthe engine through a purge line, wherein the fuel vapor processingapparatus comprises a processing flow path extending from the fuel tankto the intake passage and including the vapor line, the canister and thepurge line; the failure diagnostic system comprises: a vapor controlvalve disposed in the vapor line for closing the processing flow pathand a purge control valve disposed in the purge line; a single air pumpfor selectively pressurizing the interior of the processing flow path orreducing the internal pressure of the processing flow path; a pressuresensor for detecting an internal pressure of the processing flow path; atemperature sensor for detecting an atmosphere temperature of the fueltank; and an electronic control unit for checking air-tightness of theprocessing flow path; and the electronic control unit, after stop of theengine, controls the vapor control valve and the purge control valve toclose the processing flow path and, when the atmosphere temperaturedetected by the temperature sensor is lower than a predetermined value,causes the air pump to rotate forward to suck in air, thereby reducingthe internal pressure of the processing flow path, and checksair-tightness of the processing flow path based on behavior of thepressure detected by the pressure sensor after the pressure reduction,and the electronic control unit, after stop of the engine, controls thevapor control valve and the purge control valve to close the processingflow path and, when the atmosphere temperature detected by thetemperature sensor is not lower than the predetermined value, causes theair pump to rotate reversely to discharge air, thereby pressurizing theinterior of the processing flow path, and checks air-tightness of theprocessing flow path based on behavior of the pressure detected by thepressure sensor after the pressurization.

According to another aspect, the present invention provides a canisterincluded in a fuel vapor processing apparatus for processing fuel vaporgenerated in a fuel tank and incorporating, in a casing, an adsorbentfor adsorbing the fuel vapor, wherein the canister comprises adiagnosing function part for the fuel vapor processing apparatus, thediagnosing function part being integrally mounted nearly centrally ofthe casing.

According to another aspect, the present invention provides a pumpmodule connected to a fuel vapor processing apparatus which is disposedcorrespondingly to an engine mounted on a vehicle and wherein fuel vaporgenerated in a fuel tank is trapped by a canister and a fuel componentcontained in the trapped fuel vapor is purged to an intake passage inthe engine, the pump module being used for reducing the internalpressure of the fuel vapor processing apparatus and for diagnosing afailure of the fuel vapor processing apparatus based on behavior of thepressure detected at this time, wherein the pump module comprises: avacuum pump for developing a negative pressure in the fuel vaporprocessing apparatus; a connection port connected to the fuel vaporprocessing apparatus; an air port including a first end and a secondend, the first end being opened to the atmosphere; an orifice passageincluding a first end and a second end, the first end being connected tothe connection port, the second end being connected to the vacuum pump,with an orifice being provided in an intermediate position of theorifice passage to calculate a reference value in failure diagnosis; apressure detecting means for detecting an internal pressure of the fuelvapor processing apparatus and that of the orifice passage; and achange-over valve for changing from a state of communication to acut-off state or vice versa between the connection port and the airport; and the orifice is disposed in a vertex direction in a mountedstate of the pump module on the vehicle and is located at a higherposition than an opening/closing portion of the change-over valve.

Further, according to another aspect, the present invention provides apump module connected to a fuel vapor processing apparatus which isdisposed correspondingly to an engine mounted on a vehicle and whereinfuel vapor generated in a fuel tank is trapped by a canister and a fuelcomponent contained in the trapped fuel vapor is purged to an intakepassage in the engine, the pump module being used for reducing theinternal pressure of the fuel vapor processing apparatus and fordiagnosing a failure of the fuel vapor processing apparatus based onbehavior of the pressure detected at this time, the pump modulecomprising: a case; a vacuum pump installed in the case to develop anegative pressure in the fuel vapor processing apparatus; a connectionport formed in the case and connected to the fuel vapor processingapparatus; an air port formed in the case and including a first end anda second end, the first end being opened to the atmosphere; an orificepassage formed in the case and having a first end and a second end, thefirst end being connected to the connection port, the second end beingconnected to the vacuum pump, with an orifice being provided in anintermediate position of the orifice passage to calculate a referencevalue in diagnosis; and a change-over valve for changing from a state ofcommunication to a cut-off state or vice versa between the connectionport and the air port, the change-over valve being mounted in the casewhile being rotated about an extension line extending in a movabledirection of a valve body of the change-over valve, thereby disposingthe orifice in a vertex direction and at a higher position than anopening/closing portion of the change-over valve.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic construction diagram of a fuel vapor processingapparatus and a failure diagnostic system therefor embodying the presentinvention;

FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a diagnostic routine;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing changes with time in fuel temperature within atank under different conditions;

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an auxiliary purge routine;

FIG. 5 is a schematic construction diagram of a fuel vapor processingapparatus and a failure diagnostic system therefor embodying the presentinvention;

FIG. 6 is an equivalent construction diagram of a pump module and acasing;

FIG. 7 is a sectional front view of a canister;

FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken on line A-A in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a plan view of the canister;

FIG. 10 is an enlarged sectional view showing a principal portion ofFIG. 8;

FIG. 11 is a sectional front view of the canister, showing a flow ofvapor, etc.;

FIG. 12 is a sectional side view of the canister, showing a flow ofvapor, etc.;

FIG. 13 is a sectional front view of the canister, showing a flow ofvapor, etc.;

FIG. 14 is a sectional side view of the canister, showing a flow ofvapor, etc.;

FIG. 15 is a sectional front view of the canister, showing a flow ofvapor, etc.;

FIG. 16 is a sectional side view of the canister, showing a flow ofvapor, etc.;

FIG. 17 is a sectional front view of the canister;

FIG. 18 is a schematic construction diagram of a fuel vapor processingapparatus and a failure diagnostic system therefor embodying the presentinvention, showing a state in which a change-over valve is not suppliedwith an electric current;

FIG. 19 is a schematic construction diagram equivalent to FIG. 18,showing a state in which the change-over valve is supplied with anelectric current;

FIG. 20 is a plan view showing a schematic construction of a pumpmodule;

FIG. 21 is a sectional view taken on line A-A in FIG. 20;

FIG. 22 is a sectional view taken on line B-B in FIG. 20;

FIG. 23 is a diagram for explaining that an orifice is disposed alwaysin a vertex direction irrespective of in what state the pump module ismounted on a vehicle;

FIG. 24 is also a diagram for explaining that the orifice is disposedalways in a vertex direction irrespective of in what state the pumpmodule is mounted on a vehicle;

FIG. 25 is a time chart showing an outline of a diagnosing process inthe failure diagnostic system;

FIG. 26 is a diagram for explaining a flow of gas within the pump modulein a state in which the change-over valve is not supplied with anelectric current; and

FIG. 27 is a diagram for explaining a flow of gas within the pump modulein a state in which the change-over valve is supplied with an electriccurrent.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First Embodiment

A failure diagnostic system for a fuel vapor processing apparatusaccording to a first embodiment of the present invention will bedescribed hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic construction diagram of the fuel vapor processingapparatus and a failure diagnostic system therefor embodying the presentinvention, which are mounted on an automobile. An engine 1 mounted onthe automobile is provided with an intake passage 2 for the intake ofoutside air and an exhaust passage 3 for the discharge of exhaust gas.For combustion in a combustion chamber (not shown) of the engine 1, fuelstored in a fuel tank 4 is fed into the combustion chamber by apredetermined fuel supply system including a fuel pump 5.

A throttle valve 6 adapted to be opened and closed for adjusting theamount of intake air is disposed in the intake passage 2, and a throttlesensor 21 for detecting an opening degree (throttle angle) TA of thethrottle valve 6 is provided in the throttle valve 6. An intake pressuresensor 22 for detecting an intake pressure PM is disposed in the intakepassage 2. A rotational speed sensor 23 for detecting a rotational speed(engine speed) NE of the engine 1 is installed in the engine 1. Further,an ignition switch (IG switch) 24 which is operated for start and stopof the engine 1 is installed in the driver's seat of the automobile. Thethrottle sensor 21, intake pressure sensor 22, rotational speed sensor23 and IG switch 24 correspond to operating condition detecting meansfor detecting an operating condition of the engine 1 and that of theautomobile.

The fuel vapor processing apparatus is mounted on the automobile. Thissystem is for collecting and processing evaporated fuel (vapor)generated in the fuel tank 4 without release into the atmosphere. Thissystem is provided with a canister 8 which traps fuel vapor generated inthe fuel tank 4 through a vapor line 7. A vapor control valve 9 forcontrolling the flow of vapor in the line 7 is disposed in the sameline. The vapor control valve 9 is constituted by a solenoid valve. Avapor pressure sensor 25 for detecting the pressure (vapor pressure) Pbin the line 7 is disposed in the same line. The vapor pressure sensor 25used in this embodiment corresponds to pressure detecting means in thepresent invention. A temperature sensor 26 is installed in the fuel tank4. The temperature sensor 26 corresponds to temperature detecting meansin the present invention for detecting an intra-tank fuel temperature TFas an atmosphere temperature in the fuel tank 4. Further, a warning lamp15 is provided in the driver's seat. The warning lamp 15 is lit when itis determined that the fuel vapor processing apparatus is out of order.

The canister 8 contains an adsorbent 10 which comprises activatedcharcoal for adsorbing the fuel vapor. An air pipe 11 for introducingthe air is connected to the bottom of the canister 8. A pump module 12is installed in the air pipe 11. A purge line 13 extends from thecanister 8 and communicates with the intake passage 2 downstream of thethrottle valve 6. A purge control valve 14 to be used for controllingthe flow rate of purged vapor in the purge line 13 is disposed in thesame line. The purge control valve 14 is constituted by a solenoidvalve.

The pump module 12 is used for applying pressure and reducing pressureselectively within a processing flow path extending from the fuel tank 4up to the intake passage 2 and including the canister 8. This processingflow path is closed off when the vapor control valve 9 and the purgecontrol valve 14 are closed. The vapor control valve 9 and the purgecontrol valve 14 correspond to closure means in the present invention.The pump module 12 includes an air pump 31, first and second checkvalves 32, 33 and an air filter 34 which are disposed on an air inletside of the air pump 31, as well as a change-over valve 35, an orifice36 and a trap canister 37 which are disposed on an air outlet side ofthe air pump 31. The air filter 34 is used for cleaning the airintroduced into the air pump 31. The first and second check valves 32,33 are connected in parallel with each other between the air pump 31 andthe air filter 34. The first check valve 32 is used for inhibiting theflow of gas from the air pump 31 toward the atmosphere. The second checkvalve 33 is used for inhibiting the flow of air to the air pump 31. Theair pump 31 is constituted by a vane pump having vanes which are rotatedby a DC motor. The air pump 31 is constituted so as to suck in air byforward rotation of the DC motor. By this suction of air, the internalpressure of the foregoing processing flow path including the canister 8is reduced. The air pump 31 corresponds to pressure reducing means inthe present invention which is used for reducing the internal pressureof the processing flow path. The air pump 31 is adapted to discharge airby reverse rotation of the DC motor. By this discharge of air, theinterior of the processing flow path including the canister 8 ispressurized. The air pump 31 corresponds to pressurizing means in thepresent invention which is used for pressurizing the interior of theprocessing flow path. Thus, in this embodiment, the pressure reducingmeans and the pressurizing means are constituted by one air pump 31. Thechange-over valve 35 and the orifice 36 are connected in parallel witheach other between the air pump 31 and the trap canister 37. Thechange-over valve 35 is constituted by a solenoid valve. The change-overvalve 35 is opened and closed selectively to inhibit and permit thereduction of pressure and pressurization for the interior of theprocessing flow path by the air pump 31. When turned ON, the change-overvalve 35 opens the passage on the orifice 36 side and closes the passageon the air pump 31 side. When turned OFF, the change-over valve 35closes the passage on the orifice 36 side and opens the passage on theair pump 31 side. When the change-over valve 35 is switched so as toopen the passage on the orifice 36 side, a very small flow path isensured by the orifice 36. The trap canister 37 serves to trap fuelvapor in the event of leakage of the vapor from the canister 8.

In this embodiment, an electronic control unit (ECU) 30 is provided forcontrolling the fuel vapor processing apparatus and the failurediagnostic system. The sensors 21 to 26 referred to above are connectedto the ECU 30. The vapor control valve 9, purge control valve 14 andchange-over valve 35 are also connected to the ECU 30. For controllingthe fuel vapor processing apparatus and the failure diagnostic system inaccordance with an operating condition of the engine 1, the ECU 30controls the valves 9, 14, and 35 based on detected signals from thesensors 21 to 26. The ECU 30 used in this embodiment corresponds tofirst and second diagnostic means in the present invention.

As known well, the ECU 30 includes a central processing unit (CPU), aread-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a backup RAM, anexternal input circuit, and an external output circuit. Various controlprograms and predetermined data are stored beforehand in the ROM.Results of operations carried out by the CPU are stored temporarily inthe RAM. Pre-stored data is stored in the backup RAM. In accordance withdetected signals transmitted from the sensors 21 to 26 through the inputcircuit, the CPU executes various controls concerned with the fuel vaporprocessing apparatus and the failure diagnostic system.

Next, a description will be given about the contents of controls whichthe ECU 30 executes in connection with failure diagnosis and vaporprocessing. FIG. 2 shows a control program on the failure diagnosis interms of a flowchart (diagnostic routine). The ECU 30 executes thisroutine periodically at every predetermined time intervals.

First, the ECU 30 waits for turning OFF of the IG switch 24 in step 100,and upon turning OFF of the switch 24, waits for the lapse of apredetermined time (e.g., 5 hours) in step 101.

Upon lapse of the predetermined time in step 101, the ECU 30 closes thepurge control valve 14 in step 102 and closes the vapor control valve 9in step 103. As a result, the processing flow path including the purgeline 13 from the purge control valve 14 to the canister 8, the canister8, and the vapor line 7 from the canister 8 to the purge control valve 9is closed off.

Thereafter, in step 104, the ECU 30 reads the intra-tank fueltemperature TF detected by the temperature sensor 26.

Then, in step 105, the ECU 30 turns the change-over valve 35 ON. As aresult, the passage on the orifice 36 side opens and the passage on theair pump 31 side closes.

In step 106, the ECU 30 determines whether the intra-tank fueltemperature TF is not lower than a predetermined threshold value T1(e.g., 35° C.). If a negative decision is made, that is, if theintra-tank fuel temperature TF is lower than the threshold value T1, theECU 30 causes the DC motor of the air pump 31 to rotate forward. As aresult, the air pump 31 sucks in air from the interior of the foregoingprocessing flow path and reduces the internal pressure of processingflow path (by applying a negative pressure).

Subsequently, in step 108, the ECU 30 reads the vapor pressure Pbdetected by the vapor pressure sensor 25, then in step 109 sets the readvapor pressure Pb as a pre-read value PB1.

In step 110, the ECU 30 turns the change-over valve 35 OFF. As a result,the passage on the orifice 36 side closes and the passage on the airpump 31 side opens.

Thereafter, in step 111, the ECU 30 reads the vapor pressure Pb detectedby the vapor pressure sensor 25, then in step 112 sets the inputtedvapor pressure Pb as a post-read value PB2.

Next, in step 113, the ECU 30 determines whether the post-read value PB2is not smaller than the pre-read value PB1. If an affirmative decisionis made, the ECU 30 determines that the processing flow path involves afailure in air-tightness, and then shifts the processing to step 114.

In step 114, the ECU 30 lights the warning lamp 15 for informing theoccurrence of a failure, then in step 115 causes a failure code whichindicates the presence of a failure to be stored in the backup RAM, andonce terminates the processing. At the time of inspection of theautomobile, the failure code is read out as failure history data.

If a negative decision is made in step 113, the ECU 30 determines thatthe processing flow path involves no failure in air-tightness, then instep 116 the ECU 30 causes the vapor control valve 9 to be opened,shifts the processing to step 104 and again repeats the processing ofstep 104 and subsequent steps.

On the other hand, if an affirmative decision is made in step 106, thatis, if the intra-tank fuel temperature TF is not lower than thethreshold value T1, the ECU 30 causes the DC motor of the air pump 31 torotate reversely in step 117. As a result, air is discharged into theprocessing flow path (by applying a positive pressure) to pressurize theinterior of the processing flow path.

Subsequently, in step 118, the ECU 30 reads the vapor pressure Pbdetected by the vapor pressure sensor 25, then in step 119 sets the readvapor pressure Pb as a pre-read value PB1.

In step 120, the ECU 30 turns the change-over valve 35 OFF. As a result,the passage on the orifice 36 side closes and the passage on the airpump 31 side opens.

Thereafter, in step 121, the ECU 30 reads the vapor pressure Pb detectedby the vapor pressure sensor 25, then in step 122 sets the inputtedvapor pressure Pb as a post-read value PB2.

Next, in step 123, the ECU 30 determines whether or not the post-readvalue PB2 is smaller than the pre-read value PB1. If an affirmativedecision is made, the ECU 30 determines that the processing flow pathinvolves a failure in air-tightness, then shifts the processing to step114 and executes the foregoing processing of steps 114 and 115.

If a negative decision is made in step 123, the ECU 30 determines thatthe processing flow path involves no failure in air-tightness, then instep 116 the ECU 30 causes the vapor control valve 9 to be opened,shifts the processing to step 104 and again repeats the processing ofstep 104 and subsequent steps.

Thus, in the above diagnostic routine, the ECU 30 controls the purgecontrol valve 14 and the vapor control valve 9 to close off theprocessing flow path after stop of the engine 1. Then, when theintra-tank fuel temperature TF detected becomes less than thepredetermined threshold value T1, the ECU 30 controls the air pump 31 toreduce the internal pressure of the processing flow path. Further, theECU 30 checks the air-tightness of the processing flow path based onbehavior of the purge pressure Pb which is detected after the pressurereduction. On the other hand, after stop of the engine, the ECU 30controls the purge control valve 14 and the vapor control valve 9 toclose off the processing flow path. Then, when the detected intra-tankfuel temperature TF is not less than the predetermined threshold valueT1, the ECU 30 controls the air pump 31 to pressurize the interior ofthe processing flow path. Further, the ECU 30 checks the air-tightnessof the processing flow path based on behavior of the purge pressure Pbwhich is detected after the pressurization.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing changes with time of the intra-tank fueltemperature TF under different conditions. In the same figure, a solidline A represents changes observed when the automobile was parked on aroad after traveling in a winter night. It is seen that when the IGswitch 24 is turned OFF to stop the engine 1, the intra-tank fueltemperature TF once rises, but soon drops to be lower than the thresholdvalue T1. A broken line B in FIG. 3 represents changes observed when theautomobile was stopped in a garage after running in around spring orautumn. It is seen that just after stop of the engine 1, the intra-tankfuel temperature TF once rises like the solid line A, but drops somewhatgentler than the solid line A and becomes lower than the threshold valueT1. A dash-double dot line C in FIG. 3 represents changes observed whenthe automobile was parked on an asphalt road after traveling under theburning sun. It is seen that the intra-tank fuel temperature TF oncerises just after stop of the engine 1 like the solid line A and thebroken line B, but drops gentler than the broken line B and then riseswithout becoming lower than the threshold value T1. In FIG. 3,therefore, if the threshold value T1 is set at “35° C.,” then in thecase of the solid line A, leakage is detected at the “leakage detectiontiming” in terms of a negative pressure at a temperature of “35° C.” orless. In the case of the broken line B, leakage is detected at the“leakage detection timing” in terms of a negative pressure also at atemperature of “35° C.” or less. On the other hand, in the case of thedash-double dot line C, leakage is detected at the “leakage detectiontiming” in terms of a positive pressure at a temperature of “35° C.” ormore.

FIG. 4 shows a purge control program in terms of a flowchart (anauxiliary purge routine). The ECU 30 executes this routine periodicallyat every predetermined time intervals.

In step 200, the ECU 30 waits for turning ON of the IG switch 24, andupon turning ON of the switch 24, shifts the processing to step 201.

In step 201, the ECU 30 waits for opening of the purge control valve 14,and when the valve 14 is opened, the ECU 30 shifts the processing tostep 202.

In step 202, the ECU 30 turns the change-over valve 35 OFF. As a result,the passage on the orifice 36 side closes and the passage on the airpump 31 side opens.

In step 203, the ECU 30 closes the vapor control valve 9. As a result,the communication with the fuel tank 4 is cut off.

Then, in step 204, the ECU 30 causes the DC motor of the air pump 31 torotate in a reverse direction. As a result, air is discharged into thecanister 8 to pressurize the interior of the canister. By thispressurization, splitting-off of the vapor adsorbed on the adsorbent 10in the canister 8 from the adsorbent 10 is accelerated to assist purgingof the vapor.

Thereafter, in step 205, the ECU 30 determines whether the purge controlvalve 14 is open or not. If an affirmative decision is obtained, the ECU30 returns the processing to step 204. In contrast therewith, if anegative decision is obtained in step 205, the ECU 30 shifts theprocessing to step 206.

Next, in step 206, the ECU 30 stops the operation of the air pump 31,then in step 207 opens the vapor control valve 9 and once terminates theprocessing.

According to the failure diagnostic system for the fuel vapor processingapparatus in this embodiment described above, after stop of the engine1, the vapor control valve 9 and the purge control valve 14 are closedby the ECU 30 to close off the processing flow path including thecanister 8 and the vapor line 7 and purge line 13. Further, when thedetected intra-tank fuel temperature TF is lower than the predeterminedthreshold value T1, the air pump 31 is rotated forward by the ECU 30 toreduce the internal pressure of the processing flow path. After thispressure reduction, the air-tightness of the processing flow path ischecked by the ECU 30 based on behavior of the detected vapor pressurePb in the processing flow path. More particularly, if a pressure changeof not smaller than the pre-read value PB1 occurs within the processingflow path which has become negative in pressure by the pressurereduction, it is determined that there exists a failure in air-tightnesssuch as a hole being formed in the processing flow path. The failurediagnostic system performs diagnosis by reducing the internal pressureof the processing flow path into a negative pressure, so even if a holeshould be formed in the processing flow path, there is no fear of vaporleakage from the hole during diagnosis.

On the other hand, when the vapor control valve 9 and the purge controlvalve 14 are closed to close off the processing flow path after stop ofthe engine 1 and the detected intra-tank fuel temperature TF becomes thepredetermined threshold value T1 or higher, the air pump 31 is rotatedreversely by the ECU 30 to pressurize the interior of the processingflow path. After the pressurization, the air-tightness of the processingflow path is checked by the ECU 30 based on behavior of the detectedpurge pressure Pb in the processing flow path. More specifically, in thecase where a change in pressure smaller than the pre-read value PB1occurs within the processing flow path the pressure of which has beenmade positive by the pressurization, it is determined that anair-tightness failure such as the formation of a vapor leaking hole ispresent in the processing flow path. Thus, in the failure diagnosticsystem, the interior of the processing flow path is pressurized onlywhen the intra-tank fuel temperature TF is not lower than the thresholdvalue T1, so even in the event a hole or the like should be formed inthe processing flow path, it is less likely for the fuel vapor to leakto the outside through the hole or the like upon pressurization. In thefailure diagnostic system, moreover, at such a high temperature ascauses a large amount of vapor to be produced in the fuel tank 4, thetime required for pressurizing the interior of the processing flow pathbecomes shorter and so does the time required for diagnosis.

According to the failure diagnostic system of this embodiment, asdescribed above, since in many cases diagnosis is performed whilekeeping the internal pressure of the processing flow path negative andit is less frequent that the internal pressure of the processing flowpath is set positive during diagnosis, it is possible to minimize theleakage of vapor to the outside during diagnosis. Besides, at such ahigh temperature as causes a large amount of vapor to be developed inthe fuel tank 4, the internal pressure of the processing flow path ismade positive during diagnosis, so that diagnosis can be done positivelyin a shorter time than in case of making the internal pressure negative.

Moreover, according to the failure diagnostic system of this embodiment,since one air pump 31 is used for both reducing the internal pressure ofthe processing flow path and pressurizing the interior of the same flowpath, it is not necessary to use two pumps for the two purposes, thatis, the number of components of the failure diagnostic system becomessmaller. Consequently, the construction of the failure diagnostic systemincluding the pump module 12 can be simplified and reduced in size andhence it is possible to improve the on-vehicle mountability of thefailure diagnostic system.

Further, in the fuel vapor processing apparatus according to the presentembodiment, by executing the “auxiliary purge routine” with use of thepump module 12 included in the failure diagnostic system, it is possibleto assist purging the vapor adsorbed in the canister 8. Consequently,the vapor adsorbed in the canister 8 can be purged positively.Therefore, even if the canister 8 becomes saturated with vapor, thevapor adsorbing capacity of the canister 8 can be recovered repeatedlyby purging the vapor positively from the canister 8 as described above.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but may becarried out in the following manner within the scope not departing fromthe gist of the invention. For example, although in the above firstembodiment the means for reducing the internal pressure of theprocessing flow path and the means for pressurizing the interior of thesame flow path are constituted by one air pump 31, both may beconstituted by separate air pumps.

Second Embodiment

A fuel vapor processing apparatus including a canister and a failurediagnostic system therefor according to a second embodiment of thepresent invention will be described in detail hereinafter with referenceto the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 5 is a schematic construction diagram of the fuel vapor processingapparatus and the failure diagnostic system in the second embodimentboth mounted on an automobile. In FIG. 5, the same components as in thefirst embodiment are identified by the same reference numerals as in thefirst embodiment, and explanations thereof will be omitted.

In this embodiment, a vehicle speed sensor 27 for detecting a vehiclespeed SPD of the automobile is provided in the automobile. In thisembodiment, a throttle sensor 21, an intake pressure sensor 22, arotational speed sensor 23 and the vehicle speed sensor 27 correspond tothe operating condition detecting means for detecting operatingconditions of an engine 1 and the automobile.

A canister 8 used in this second embodiment includes a casing 16 inwhich an adsorbent 10 for adsorbing fuel vapor is contained. An air pipe17 extends from the canister 8 and communicates with the atmosphere.

A pump module 18 as a diagnosing functional part for the fuel vaporprocessing apparatus is integrally assembled in a nearly central portionof the casing 16. The pump module 18 is used for sucking gas from thecasing 16 and thereby reducing the internal pressure of a processingflow path which includes a vapor line 7, canister 8 and purge line 13disposed between a fuel tank 4 and an intake passage 2. When thethus-reduced internal pressure of the processing flow path is higherthan a predetermined value, it is determined that a leakage trouble isoccurring in the fuel vapor processing apparatus.

FIG. 6 shows the construction of the pump module 18 illustrated in FIG.5 and a relation between the pump module 18 and the casing 16 in termsof an equivalent construction diagram. As shown in FIG. 6, the pumpmodule 18 includes an air pump 31, a check valve 32 and an air filter 34both disposed on an air inlet side of the air pump 31, as well as achange-over valve 35, an orifice 36 and a trap canister 37 which aredisposed on an air outlet side of the air pump 31. The check valve 32 isused for blocking the flow of gas from the air pump 31 toward theatmosphere. The air pump 31 is used for generating a suction force todevelop a negative pressure for the casing 16. The orifice 36 is usedfor ensuring a very small communication between the air pump 31 and thecasing 16 when the change-over valve 35 closes.

Various sensors 21 to 23 and 25 to 27 referred to previously areconnected to an ECU 30. A vapor control valve 9, a purge control valve14, the air pump 31 and the change-over valve 35 are also connected tothe ECU 30. For controlling the fuel vapor processing apparatus and thefailure diagnostic system in accordance with an operating condition ofthe engine 1, the ECU 30 controls the valves 9, 14, 35 and the air pump31 based on detected signals from the sensors 21 to 23 and 25 to 27.

The construction of the canister 8 and that of the pump module 18 willbe described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 7 to 10. FIG. 7 isa sectional front view of the canister 8. FIG. 8 is a sectional viewtaken along line A-A in FIG. 7. FIG. 9 is a plan view of the canister 8.FIG. 10 is an enlarged sectional view of a principal portion of FIG. 8.

As shown in FIG. 7, the whole of the casing 16 is in the shape of asubstantially U-shaped cylindrical body, which is nearly centrallyformed with a U-shaped valley portion 16 a. A lower portion of thecasing 16 is closed with a bottom plate 41. The interior of the casing16 is partitioned into a first chamber 43 and a second chamber 44 bymeans of a partition plate 42 disposed correspondingly to a central partof the valley portion 16 a.

Vapor is introduced into and discharged from the first chamber 43through one end portion of the generally U-shaped cylindrical body,i.e., a first end portion 45 corresponding to an upper portion of thefirst chamber 43. The first end portion 45 is connected to the fuel tank4 through the vapor line 7. A vapor line joint 46 including a tank port46 a and a purge line joint 47 including a purge port 47 a and connectedto the purge line 13 are provided on the first end portion 45. An innersleeve 48 is formed in the first end portion 45. Within the inner sleeve48 is provided a purge buffer canister 49 correspondingly to the purgeport 47 a. The canister 49 includes an inner case 50 and an adsorbent 10(in FIG. 7 only a part thereof is illustrated for convenience, the sameapplies to the following adsorbents 10) which is contained in the innercase 50 in a sandwiched manner between a pair of upper and lowerperforated plates 51, 52. A perforated plate 53 is attached to alower-end opening of the inner sleeve 48. A perforated plate 55, whichis supported by the bottom plate 41 through a spring 54, is disposed ina lower portion of the first chamber 43. A first air layer 56 is formedunder the perforated plate 55. An adsorbent 10 is contained in the firstchamber 43 in a sandwiched state between the upper perforated plate 53and the lower perforated plate 55.

Another end portion of the generally U-shaped cylindrical body, i.e., asecond end portion 57 corresponding to an upper portion of the secondchamber 44, is formed so that it can communicate with the atmosphere. Apipe joint 58 which includes an air port 58 a is provided on the secondend portion 57. An air buffer canister 59 is provided in the upperportion of the second chamber 44 correspondingly to the air port 58 a.The canister 59 contains an adsorbent 10 in a sandwiched state betweenan upper perforated plate 60 and a lower perforated block 61. Aperforated plate 62, which is supported by the bottom plate 41 through aspring 54, is disposed in a lower portion of the second chamber 44. Asecond air layer 63 is formed under the perforated plate 62. The secondair layer 63 and the first air layer 56 are in communication with eachother. An adsorbent 10 is contained in the second chamber 44 in asandwiched state between the perforated block 61 located on the upperside and the perforated plate 62 located on the lower side.

The pump module 18 is mounted in the bottom 16 a of the casing 16. Asshown in FIG. 7, the pump module 18 includes the trap canister 37,change-over valve 35 and air pump 31 which are housed within a case 71.An insertion hole 16 b is formed in the bottom of the valley portion 16a. An engaging portion 71 a is formed at a lower end of the case 71 ofthe pump module 18. A duct 72 which includes an air outlet port 72 a isformed on top of the trap canister 37. The duct 72 extends laterally andis connected to the pipe joint 58.

For mounting the pump module 18 to the casing 16, the pump module 18 isbrought down perpendicularly to the valley portion 16 a of the casing16. Then, the engaging portion 71 a of the pump module 18 is insertedinto and engaged with the insertion hole 16 b formed in the valleyportion 16 a. At the same time, the dust 72 is connected to the pipejoint 58. As a result, the pump module 18 is mounted to the casing 16.

As shown in FIGS. 8 and 10, the air pump 31 includes a DC motor 73 andvanes 74 which are rotated by the motor 73. A check valve 32 is disposedon an air inlet side of the air pump 31. An air filter 34 made ofurethane is disposed upstream of the check valve 32. The air filter 34is disposed in the longitudinal direction of the case 71. An air pipejoint 75 is disposed upstream of the air filter 34. The air pipe joint75 includes an air inlet port 75 a connected to the air pipe 17. Forpreventing deposition of foreign matters on the air filter 34 in amounted state of the canister 8 on the automobile, it is preferable thatthe air pipe joint 75 be disposed at a lower position than the airfilter 34 and be installed on the ground side.

The change-over valve 35 includes a solenoid 76, a valve rod 77 which isactuated by the solenoid 76, a valve body 78 fixed to an end of thevalve rod 77, valve seats 79 a and 79 b adapted for engagement with thevalve body 78, and a spring 80 which urges the valve body 78 in onedirection. An orifice 36 is formed in part of the case 71 whichconstitutes the change-over valve 35.

The trap canister 37 is constituted by an adsorbent 10 which iscontained in the interior of the case 71 in a sandwiched state between apair of perforated plates 81 and 82. An air layer 83 which communicateswith the air outlet port 72 a is formed above one perforated plate 81.

Next, the flow of vapor, etc. in the canister 8 will be described belowwith reference to FIGS. 11 to 16.

When fuel is to be supplied to the fuel tank 4, the vapor control valve9 is opened, whereby, as indicated with broken-line arrows in FIG. 11,fuel vapor developed in the fuel tank 4 flows through the tank port 46a, perforated plate 53, adsorbent 10 in the first chamber 43, perforatedplate 55, first air layer 56, second air layer 63, perforated plate 62,adsorbent 10 in the second chamber 44, air buffer canister 59, air port58 a, duct 72 and air outlet port 72 a successively in this order. Atthis time, a fuel component contained in the vapor is adsorbed on theadsorbent 10, so that the gas introduced from the air outlet port 72 ainto the pump module 18 contains little fuel component. Therefore, asindicated with solid-line arrows in FIG. 12, the gas introduced into thepump module 18 passes through the trap canister 37, change-over valve35, air filter 34 and air inlet port 75 a, which are disposed in theinterior of the pump module 18, and is released to the atmospherethrough the air pipe 17.

On the other hand, during travel of the automobile, the purge controlvalve 14 is opened, so that a negative pressure developed in the intakepassage 2 passes through the purge line 13 and acts on the purge port 47a of the canister 8. With this negative pressure, the air flows throughthe pump module 18 in a direction opposite to the solid-line arrows inFIG. 12, further, as indicated with solid-line arrows in FIG. 11, flowsthrough the air buffer canister 59, adsorbent 10 in the second chamber44, perforated plate 62, second air layer 63, first air layer 56,perforated plate 55, adsorbent 10 in the first chamber 43, perforatedplate 53, purge buffer canister 49 and purge port 47 a successively inthis order, then is conducted to the purge line 13. At this time, thefuel vapor (fuel component), which is adsorbed on the adsorbent 10 inthe second chamber 44, first chamber 43, and the like, is attracted tothe air flow, is conducted to the purge line 13, and is purged to theintake passage 2.

For obtaining reference data in failure diagnosis, the vapor controlvalve 9 is opened and the purge control valve 14 is closed. Then, theair pump 31 is operated to produce a negative pressure. This allows fuelvapor generated in the fuel tank 4 to flow, as indicated with solid-linearrows in FIG. 13, through the tank port 46 a, perforated plate 53,adsorbent 10 in the first chamber 43, perforated plate 55, first airlayer 56, second air layer 63, perforated plate 62, adsorbent 10 in thesecond chamber 44, air buffer canister 59, air port 58 a, duct 72 andair outlet port 72 a successively in this order. At this time, a fuelcomponent contained in the vapor is adsorbed on the adsorbent 10, sothat the gas introduced from the air outlet port 72 a into the pumpmodule 18 contains little fuel component. As indicated with solid-linearrows in FIG. 14, the gas introduced into the pump module 18 passesthrough the trap canister 37, change-over valve 35, orifice 36, air pump31, check valve 32, air filter 34 and air inlet port 75 a, which aredisposed in the interior of the pump module 18, and is released to theatmosphere through the air pipe 17. At this time, the air introducedfrom the air inlet port 75 a passes through the air filter 34, then inthe change-over valve 35, joins the gas flowing from the trap canister37.

In failure diagnosis, the vapor control valve 9 is opened and the purgecontrol valve 14 is closed. Moreover, the change-over valve 35 isoperated for change into a flow path not passing through the orifice 36.Further, the air pump 31 is operated to produce a negative pressure. Asa result, the interior of the processing flow path including the vaporline 7 from the fuel tank 4 to the canister 8, the casing 16 of thecanister 8, and the purge line 13 from the canister 8 to the purgecontrol valve 14, is sealed hermetically. In this state, the negativepressure generated by the air pump 31 acts on the interior of thehermetically sealed processing flow path. At this time, as indicatedwith solid-line arrows in FIG. 15, the gas present within thehermetically sealed processing flow path flows from the tank port 46 ato the perforated plate 53, from the purge port 47 a to the perforatedplate 53, then further flows through the adsorbent 10 in the firstchamber 43, perforated plate 55, first air layer 56, second air layer63, perforated plate 62, adsorbent 10 in the second chamber 44, airbuffer canister 59, air port 58 a, dust 72 and air outlet port 72 asuccessively in this order. Further, as indicated with solid-line arrowsin FIG. 16, the gas introduced into the pump module 18 flows through thetrap canister 37, change-over valve 35, air pump 31, check valve 32, airfilter 34 and air inlet port 75 a, which are disposed in the interior ofthe pump module, and is released into the atmosphere through the airpipe 17. In this way the internal pressure of the hermetically sealedprocessing flow path is reduced by the negative pressure. By monitoringthe pressure behavior in the interior of the hermetically sealedprocessing flow path, it is possible to check the air-tightness of theinterior of the same flow path.

According to the canister 8 used in this embodiment described above,since the pump module 18 is integrally mounted in the valley portion 16a positioned nearly centrally of the casing 16, the pump module 18 doesnot project outward in the casing 16. Consequently, the canister 8integral with the pump module 18 can be made compact as a whole. Thismakes it possible to improve the on-vehicle mountability of the canister8. Besides, any special mounting part such as bracket need not be usedfor mounting the pump module 18 to the casing 16 and it is possible toreduce the number of accessory parts for the mounting. Further, sincethe center of gravity of the entire canister 8 lies nearly centrally ofthe canister 8, even if vibration is imposed on the body of theautomobile during travel of the automobile, both canister 8 and pumpmodule 18 exhibit an integral vibratory behavior. Thus, it is possibleto make the pump module 18 difficult to be influenced by vibration. Moreparticularly, it is possible to prevent an excessive load from acting onthe connection between the casing 16 of the canister 8 and the pumpmodule 18 which would cause breakage of the connection.

According to the canister 8 used in the second embodiment, since thecasing 16 is in the shape of a generally U-shaped cylindrical body, thevapor flow path is relatively long in the area from one end portion toanother end portion of the cylindrical body. Therefore, the passingdistance of the vapor through the adsorbent 10, including the adsorbent10 contained in the first chamber 43 and the adsorbent 10 contained inthe second chamber 44, becomes long, whereby the vapor can be surelyadsorbed and trapped by the adsorbent 10.

The pump module 18 is mounted in the casing 16 from the outside by beingfitted on the valley portion 16 a. Therefore, the pump module 18 and theother constructional portion of the canister 8 may be separatelyfabricated in advance and thereafter may be combined with each other.Thus, in comparison with a canister of the type in which a pump moduleis incorporated within a casing, the canister 8 including the pumpmodule 18 can be fabricated more easily.

According to the canister used in the second embodiment, a negativepressure is generated by the air pump 31 in the pump module 18, wherebythe internal pressure of the casing 16 is reduced. Moreover, a reverseflow of vapor from the air pump 31 to the atmosphere is prevented by thecheck valve 32. Further, the introduction of air into the casing 16 isadjusted by the change-over valve 35. Thus, with the pump module 18, itis possible to ensure the generation of a negative pressure and the airflow adjusting function.

According to the pump module 18 used in this embodiment, since the trapcanister 37 is disposed between the casing 16 and the air pump 31, evenif vapor should be discharged from the casing 16, the vapor can betrapped by the trap canister 37 and it is possible to prevent the vaporfrom flowing into the air pump 31.

According to the canister 8 used in this embodiment, the first andsecond chambers 43, 44 are partitioned from each other by the partitionplate 42 and are separated from each other by the pump module 18 whichis positioned in the valley portion 16 a of the casing 16. Consequently,the adsorbent 10 in the first chamber 43 and the adsorbent 10 in thesecond chamber 44 can be heat-insulated from each other by the partitionplate 42 and the pump module 18. Therefore, the heat generated from theadsorbent 10 in the first chamber 43 can be prevented from exerting abad influence on the adsorbent 10 in the second chamber 44.

The present invention is not limited to the above second embodiment, butcan be carried out in the following manner within the scope notdeparting from the gist of the invention. For example, in the abovesecond embodiment the interior of the casing 16 of the canister 8 ispartitioned into the first and second chambers 43, 44 by the partitionplate 42. But, as shown in FIG. 17, the partition plate may be omittedand the first and second chambers 43, 44 may be brought into directcommunication with each other. In this case, one perforated plate 66 issupported by the bottom plate 41 by mean of one spring 65. A continuousair layer 67 is formed between the bottom plate 41 and the perforatedplate 66.

Further, although in the above second embodiment the pump module 18 isprovided as a diagnosing functional part in the canister 8, any otherpart than the pump module may be provided as a diagnosing functionalpart.

Third Embodiment

A third embodiment of the present invention which embodies in a mostpreferred mode a pump module for use in diagnosing a fuel vaporprocessing apparatus according to the present invention will bedescribed in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

A schematic construction of the fuel vapor processing apparatus and thatof the failure diagnostic system according to this embodiment are shownin FIGS. 18 and 19. FIG. 18 shows a state in which a change-over valveis not supplied with an electric current, while FIG. 19 shows a state inwhich the change-over valve is supplied with an electric current.

A fuel vapor processing apparatus 101 in this third embodiment isinstalled in a vehicle with a gasoline engine mounted thereon, in whichfuel vapor developed in a fuel tank 110 is trapped without release tothe atmosphere. The fuel vapor processing apparatus 101 is provided witha canister 112 for trapping through a vapor line 111 the fuel vaporgenerated in the fuel tank 110. The canister 112 contains an adsorbentwhich is activated charcoal.

Not only the vapor line 111 but also a purge line 113 is connected tothe canister 112. The purge line 113 is in communication with an intakepassage 114 at a position downstream of a throttle valve 115. A purgecontrol valve 116 is disposed in the purge line 113. With thisarrangement, during operation of the vehicular engine, a negativepressure developed in the intake passage acts on the purge line 113. Inthe fuel vapor processing apparatus 101, therefore, when the purgecontrol valve 116 is opened, a fuel component trapped in the canister112 is purged through the purge line 113 to the intake passage 114. Thepurge control valve 116 disposed in the purge line 113 is constituted bya solenoid valve which causes a valve body thereof to be operated uponreceipt of an electric signal.

A pump module 120 is connected to the canister 112. The canister 112traps only the fuel component contained in the fuel vapor which isintroduced from the fuel tank 110, and discharges only the gascontaining no fuel component to the outside from an air port 121 formedin the pump module 120. An air cleaner 122 is connected to an oppositeend of the air port 121.

The pump module 120 will be described below with reference also to FIGS.20 to 22. FIG. 20 is a plan view showing the pump module 120. FIG. 21 isa sectional view taken on line A-A in FIG. 20. FIG. 22 is a sectionalview taken on line B-B in FIG. 20.

As shown in FIG. 20, the pump module 120 has three mounting holes 120 aand is mounted to the vehicle side by utilizing the mounting holes 120a. The pump module 120 is provided with a connector 145 for connectionof wiring between it and an ECU 140 which will be described later.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, the pump module 120 is formed withan air port 121 connected to the air cleaner 122, an orifice flow path124 with an orifice 123 formed therein, and a connection port 125connected to the canister 112. The pump module 120 is further providedwith a vacuum pump 126 for reducing the internal pressure of the fuelvapor processing apparatus 101, a pressure sensor 127 for detectinginternal pressures of the fuel vapor processing apparatus 101 and theorifice flow path 124, and a change-over valve 129 for changing from astate of communication to a cut-off state or vice versa between theconnection port 125 and the air port 121. According to thisconstruction, the internal pressure of the fuel vapor processingapparatus 101 held in a hermetically sealed state is reduced by thevacuum pump 126 and diagnosing of the fuel vapor processing apparatus101 is performed based on subsequent changes in pressure.

The vacuum pump 126 is a vane pump which is activated by a DC motor. Byreverse rotating the DC motor, it is also possible to let the vacuumpump 125 generate a positive pressure. Thus, it is also possible topressurize the interior of the fuel vapor processing apparatus 101 heldin a hermetically sealed state and conduct diagnosis based on subsequentpressure changes. A check valve 128 is disposed upstream of the vacuumpump 126. The check valve 128 functions to stop the flow of gas from thevacuum pump 126 toward the orifice flow path 124 or the connection port125.

The change-over valve 129 has a solenoid (actuator) portion 130 and avalve portion 131. The solenoid portion 130 includes a coil 132 whichcomprises a hollow coil bobbin 132 a and copper wire wound thereon, amagnetic tube 133 fitted and fixed into the hollow space of the coilbobbin 132 a, and a movable iron core 134 fitted slidably within themagnetic tube 133. On the other hand, the valve portion 131 includes adiaphragm valve 136, a tapered, first valve seat 137 a, and a tapered,second valve seat 137 b.

A rod 135 is extended downward in the figure from the movable iron core134 and is supported slidably by a guide member 139. A lower end of therod 135 is connected to the diaphragm valve 136. When the solenoidportion is energized, the diaphragm valve 136 moves vertically in thefigure. With a biasing spring 138, the diaphragm valve 136 is urgedconstantly from below in the figure in a direction in which it comesinto abutment against the first valve seat 137 a (moves away from thesecond valve seat 137 b). Thus, when the coil 132 is not energized, thediaphragm valve 136 is put in abutment against the first valve seat 137a and is spaced away from the second valve seat 137 b. At this time, ahigh sealing performance is attained because the first valve seat 137 ais tapered. In this state, the air port 121 and the connection port 125are in communication with each other through the second valve seat 137 b(see FIG. 18).

On the other hand, when the coil 132 is energized, the coil 132 attractsthe movable iron core 134. Since this attracting force is larger thanthe biasing force of the biasing spring 138, the movable iron core 134and the rod 135 moves downward in the figure. With this movement of therod 135, the diaphragm valve 136 moves away from the first valve seat137 a and comes into abutment against the second valve seat 137 b (seeFIG. 27). At this time, a high sealing performance is attained becausethe second valve seat 137 b is tapered. In this state, the air port 121and the connection port 125 are brought out of communication with eachother, while the connection portion 125 and the vacuum pump 126 are putin direct communication with each other (see FIG. 19).

The orifice 123 is provided between the actuator portion 130 and thevalve portion 131 in the change-over valve 129. The change-over valve129 can be mounted in the case of the pump module 120 while beingrotated about Z axis which is positioned on an extension line in themovable direction of the diaphragm valve 136. Consequently, whenmounting the pump module 120 to the vehicle side by utilizing the threemounting holes 120 a, as shown in FIG. 23 or FIG. 24, the orifice 123can be disposed always in a vertex direction and be positioned above anopening/closing portion 137 (a portion corresponding to the inside ofthe first valve seat 137 b) of the change-over valve 129, irrespectiveof in what state the pump module 120 is mounted on the vehicle. As aresult, when dust, water, fine adsorbent particles, intra-pipe oil,plastic extract, and assembling oil drop by their own weights, it ispossible to prevent the orifice 123 from being plugged with thoseforeign matters. FIGS. 23 and 24 are sectional views taken on line C-Cin FIG. 21.

Returning to FIG. 18, a failure diagnostic system 102 for diagnosing thefuel vapor processing apparatus 101 with respect to air-tightness isconstituted by the pump module 120 having the above construction, ECU140 and warning lamp 141. The ECU 140 not only controls the vehicularengine but also controls purging in the fuel vapor processing apparatus101. For example, for purging the fuel component in an amount suitablefor engine operation, the ECU 140 controls the purge control valve 116in accordance with a required drive duty value.

In addition, the ECU 140 controls the diagnosing operation related toair-tightness of the fuel vapor processing apparatus 101. Morespecifically, where required, the ECU 140 controls the purge controlvalve 116, the vacuum pump 126 and the change-over valve 129 inaccordance with detected signals provided from various sensors andacquires a detected signal from the pressure sensor 127. Based on thedetected value from the pressure sensor 127, the ECU 140 checksair-tightness failures of the fuel vapor processing apparatus 101. Thefailures include an air-tightness failure of the fuel tank 110, anair-tightness failure of the canister 112 and an air-tightness failureof pipe connections in the vapor line 111 and purge line 113.

The warning lamp 141, which is installed in the vehicular driver's seat,is adapted to operate for informing the driver of the result of theabove diagnosing operation. When the ECU 140 determines that a failureis occurring, it causes the warning lamp 141 to light or flicker, whilein other cases, it causes the warning lamp 141 to go OFF.

As known well, the ECU 140 includes a central processing unit (CPU), aread-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a backup RAM, anexternal input circuit, an external output circuit, and the like. TheECU 140 constitutes a logic operation circuit in which the CPU, ROM, RAMand backup RAM are connected with the external input and output circuitsthrough a bus. The ROM pre-stores predetermined control programs relatedto engine control, purge control and diagnosing control. The RAMtemporarily stores the results of operations performed by the CPU. Thebackup RAM preserves pre-stored data. The backup RAM preservesdiagnostic results on failures as diagnostic data.

In addition, an ignition switch 142 and a soak timer 143 are connectedto the external input circuit in the ECU 140. The ignition switch 142 isturned ON and OFF for starting and stopping the vehicular engine. Whenturned ON, the ignition switch 142 permits the application of electricpower to the ECU 140, while when turned OFF, it cuts off the supply ofelectric power to the ECU 140. The soak timer 143 starts counting whenthe ignition switch 142 is turned OFF, and when a predetermined time haselapsed after stop of the engine, the soak timer 143 activates the ECU140 to start diagnosing.

Next, operation of the failure diagnostic system 102 constructed asabove will be described below with reference to FIGS. 25 to 27. FIG. 25is a time chart showing an outline of diagnosing. FIG. 26 illustratesthe flow of gas in the pump module 120 upon turning ON of thechange-over valve 129. FIG. 27 illustrates the flow of gas in the pumpmodule 120 upon turning OFF of the change-over valve 129.

The failure diagnosing operation is started at time t0 which is a timepoint after turning OFF of the ignition switch 142 and after subsequentlapse of a predetermined time (about several hours) counted by the soaktimer 143. That is, the ECU 140 is started at time t0. At this time, thechange-over valve 129 is turned OFF, and in the pump module 120, asshown in FIG. 26, the connection port 125 and the air port 121 arebrought into communication with each other and gas flows as indicatedwith a solid line. In this state, therefore, the interior of the fuelvapor processing apparatus 101 is not sealed hermetically. Atmosphericpressure is measured by the pressure sensor 127 until reaching time t1.

When time t2 is reached, the change-over valve 129 is turned ON and theamount of fuel vapor produced from the fuel tank 110 is checked. Morespecifically, the internal pressure of the fuel vapor processingapparatus 101 is measured by the pressure sensor 127 and the amount offuel vapor produced is checked. At this time, if the amount of fuelvapor is large, that is, if a rise of pressure is large, the diagnosingprocess is stopped.

On the other hand, if the diagnosing process is to be continued, then attime t3, the change-over valve 129 is turned OFF and the vacuum pump 126is activated. As a result, the gas present within the pump module 120passes through the orifice 123 from the air port 121 and flows to thevacuum pump 126, as indicated with a dot-dash line in FIG. 26. Then, theinternal pressure of the orifice flow path 124 eventually reaches asaturated pressure at the diameter (e.g., 0.5 mm) of the orifice 123. Atthis time, the saturated pressure is measured by the pressure sensor127. The saturated pressure thus measured is used as a referencepressure in diagnosing.

In the pump module 120 used in this embodiment, the orifice 123 can bedisposed always in a vertex direction and be positioned above theopening/closing portion 137 of the change-over valve 129. Therefore,when measuring the reference pressure, there is no fear of the orifice123 being plugged with dust, water, fine adsorbent particles, intra-pipeoil, plastic extract, or assembling oil. Thus, it is possible to alwaysmeasure a correct reference pressure.

Then, at time t3, the change-over valve 129 is again turned ON and theleakage of the fuel vapor processing apparatus 101 is checked untilreaching time t4. At this time, as shown in FIG. 27, the air port 121and the connection port 125 are brought out of communication with eachother, so that the interior of the fuel vapor processing apparatus 101is hermetically sealed. Further, since there occurs such a gaseous flowas indicated with a solid line in FIG. 27 under the action of the vacuumpump 126, the internal pressure of the fuel vapor processing apparatus101 is reduced. At this time, if there is no failure with the fuel vaporprocessing apparatus 101, the internal pressure of the fuel vaporprocessing apparatus drops to a value lower than the reference pressure.In contrast therewith, if the fuel vapor processing apparatus 101undergoes a failure, the internal pressure thereof does not drop to thereference pressure.

Thus, upon occurrence of a trouble, there arises a pressure changedifferent from that in normal condition, so that diagnosing of the fuelvapor processing apparatus 101 can be done based on such a pressurechange. In the failure diagnostic system 102 for the fuel vaporprocessing apparatus 101 according to this embodiment, the referencevalue in diagnosing can be measured accurately and therefore diagnosingof the fuel vapor processing apparatus 101 can be done with a highaccuracy.

In the pump module 120 used in the third embodiment, as described indetail above, the orifice 123 is provided between the solenoid portion130 and the valve portion 131 of the change-over valve 129. Besides, thechange-over valve 129 can be mounted while being rotated about Z axiswith respect to the case of the pump module 120. Consequently, theorifice 123 can always be disposed in a vertex direction irrespective ofin what state the pump module 120 is mounted on the vehicle, whereby theorifice 122 can be prevented from being plugged up with dust or water.Thus, since the reference value in diagnosing can always be measuredaccurately, it is possible to effect diagnosing of the fuel vaporprocessing apparatus 101 with a high accuracy.

The above third embodiment is a mere illustration and does not limit thepresent invention at all. It goes without saying that variousimprovements and modifications may be made within the scope notdeparting from the gist of the invention.

1. A canister included in a fuel vapor processing apparatus forprocessing fuel vapor generated in a fuel tank and incorporating, in acasing, an adsorbent for adsorbing the fuel vapor, wherein the canistercomprises a diagnosing function part for the fuel vapor processingapparatus, the diagnosing function part being integrally mounted nearlycentrally of the casing so that the canister has a center of gravitylocated nearly centrally of the canister, wherein the diagnosingfunction part is a pump module for changing the internal pressure of thecasing; wherein the casing is in the shape of a generally U-shapedcylindrical body having a first end portion through which the fuel vaporis introduced in and discharged out of the canister and a second endportion which is able to communicate with atmosphere, and the casingincludes a valley portion positioned nearly centrally, and the pumpmodule is mounted in the valley portion.
 2. The canister according toclaim 1, wherein an insertion hole is formed in the bottom of the valleyportion, and an engaging portion to be inserted and engaged into theinsertion hole is formed in a lower end of the pump module.
 3. Thecanister according to claim 1, wherein the pump module comprises a pump,a check valve disposed on an air inlet side of the pump, and a solenoidvalve disposed on an air outlet side of the pump.
 4. A canister includedin a fuel vapor processing apparatus for processing fuel vapor generatedin a fuel tank and incorporating, in a casing, an adsorbent foradsorbing the fuel vapor, wherein the canister comprises a diagnosingfunction part for the fuel vapor processing apparatus, the diagnosingfunction part being integrally mounted nearly centrally of the casing sothat the canister has a center of gravity located nearly centrally ofthe canister, wherein the diagnosing function part is a pump module forchanging the internal pressure of the casing, wherein the pump module isconnected to a fuel vapor processing apparatus which is disposedcorrespondingly to an engine mounted on a vehicle and wherein fuel vaporgenerated in the fuel tank is trapped by the canister and a fuelcomponent contained in the trapped fuel vapor is purged to an intakepassage in the engine, the pump module being used for changing theinternal pressure of the fuel vapor processing apparatus and fordiagnosing a failure of the fuel vapor processing apparatus based onbehavior of the pressure detected at this time, wherein the pump modulecomprises: a pump for reducing or increasing pressure in the fuel vaporprocessing apparatus; a connection port connected to the fuel vaporprocessing apparatus; an air port including a first end and a secondend, the first end being opened to the atmosphere; an orifice passageincluding a first end and a second end, the first end being connected tothe connection port, the second end being connected to the pump, with anorifice being provided in an intermediate position of the orificepassage to calculate a reference value in failure diagnosis; a pressuredetecting means for detecting an internal pressure of the fuel vaporprocessing apparatus and that of the orifice passage; and a change-overvalve for changing from a state of communication to a cut-off state orvice versa between the connection port and the air port; and the orificeis disposed in a vertex direction in a mounted state of the pump moduleon the vehicle and is located at a higher position than anopening/closing portion of the change-over valve.
 5. The canisteraccording to claim 4, further comprising a case and wherein thechange-over valve comprises an actuator and a valve body, the orifice isdisposed between the actuator and the valve body in the change-overvalve, and the change-over valve can be mounted in the case while beingrotated about an extension line extending in a movable direction of thevalve body.
 6. A failure diagnostic system for a fuel vapor processingapparatus, using the pump module in the canister according to claim 5.7. The canister according to claim 4, further comprising a case, thecase having a plurality of mounting holes for mounting the pump moduleto the vehicle, and wherein the change-over valve comprises an actuatorand a valve body, the orifice is disposed between the actuator and thevalve body in the change-over valve, and at the time of mounting thepump module in the vehicle by utilizing the plural mounting holes, thechange-over valve can be mounted in the case while being rotated aboutan extension line extending in a movable direction of the valve body,thereby disposing the orifice in the vertex direction and at a higherposition than the opening/closing portion of the change-over valve.
 8. Afailure diagnostic system for a fuel vapor processing apparatus, usingthe pump module in the canister according to claim
 4. 9. A canisterincluded in a fuel vapor processing apparatus for processing fuel vaporgenerated in a fuel tank and incorporating, in a casing, an adsorbentfor adsorbing the fuel vapor, wherein the canister comprises adiagnosing function cart for the fuel vapor processing apparatus, thediagnosing function part being integrally mounted nearly centrally ofthe casing so that the canister has a center of gravity located nearlycentrally of the canister, wherein the diagnosing function part is apump module for changing the internal pressure of the casing, whereinthe pump module is connected to a fuel vapor processing apparatus whichis disposed correspondingly to an engine mounted on a vehicle andwherein fuel vapor generated in the fuel tank is trapped by the canisterand a fuel component contained in the trapped fuel vapor is purged to anintake passage in the engine, the pump module being used for reducingthe internal pressure of the fuel vapor processing apparatus and fordiagnosing a failure of the fuel vapor processing apparatus based onbehavior of the pressure detected at this time, the pump modulecomprising: a case; a vacuum pump installed in the case to develop anegative pressure in the fuel vapor processing apparatus; a connectionport formed in the case and connected to the fuel vapor processingapparatus; an air port formed in the case and including a first end anda second end, the first end being opened to the atmosphere; an orificepassage formed in the case and having a first end and a second end, thefirst end being connected to the connection port, the second end beingconnected to the vacuum pump, with an orifice being provided in anintermediate position of the orifice passage to calculate a referencevalue in diagnosis; and a change-over valve for changing from a state ofcommunication to a cut-off state or vice versa between the connectionport and the air port, the change-over valve being mounted in the casewhile being rotated about an extension line extending in a movabledirection of a valve body of the change-over valve, thereby disposingthe orifice in a vertex direction and at a higher position than anopening/closing portion of the change-over valve.